To find old text in files and replace it with new text using the shell_exec function in PHP, you can use the sed command in Linux/Unix systems. Here is an example code snippet:

$old_text = "old text";
$new_text = "new text";
$path_to_files = "/path/to/files/";

// Use sed to find and replace text in all files in the specified path
$output = shell_exec("sed -i 's/$old_text/$new_text/g' $path_to_files*");

// Display the output of the sed command
echo $output;

This code will search for the specified old_text in all files in the specified path_to_files, and replace it with the new_text. The -i option in the sed command specifies that the search and replace should be done in-place in the original files, and the g flag specifies that all occurrences of the old text should be replaced (not just the first occurrence).

Note that using shell_exec function can be potentially dangerous if you pass untrusted data as arguments to the command. It is important to properly sanitize and validate user input before using it in this way to avoid shell injection vulnerabilities.

Making homemade wine is a fun and rewarding hobby that can produce delicious results. Here is a simple recipe for making homemade wine:

Ingredients:

• 2-3 pounds of fresh fruit (such as grapes, strawberries, or peaches)
• 1 gallon of water
• 2 cups of granulated sugar
• 1 packet of wine yeast
• Sanitizer for equipment

Instructions:

1. Sanitize all equipment to avoid contamination of your wine.
2. Wash and chop your fresh fruit into small pieces and put them into a large pot with 1 gallon of water.
3. Bring the pot to a boil and then reduce the heat to a simmer, letting the fruit simmer for about 30 minutes.
4. Remove the pot from the heat and strain out the fruit using a fine mesh strainer, pressing it with a wooden spoon or spatula to extract as much juice as possible.
5. Add the sugar to the pot, stirring to dissolve it completely.
6. Once the liquid has cooled down to room temperature, add the packet of wine yeast.
7. Transfer the mixture to a fermenting vessel, cover it loosely with a lid, and let it ferment for 1-2 weeks.
8. After 1-2 weeks, transfer the wine to a clean, sanitized carboy or aging vessel and let it age for 3-6 months or longer.

Note: Different fruits and yeast strains can produce different flavors and styles of wine, so you can experiment with different combinations to find your favorite recipe. Also, it is important to sanitize all equipment and work in a clean environment to avoid contamination of your wine.

Making homemade light beer is a relatively simple process that requires only a few ingredients and basic equipment. Here's a simple recipe for making a light beer at home:

Ingredients:

• 6 pounds of light dry malt extract
• 1 ounce of your preferred hops (such as Cascade or Saaz)
• 1 packet of dry yeast
• 5 gallons of water

Instructions:

1. In a large pot, bring 2.5 gallons of water to a boil.
2. Remove the pot from the heat and add the light dry malt extract, stirring to dissolve it completely.
3. Return the pot to the heat and add the hops.
4. Boil the mixture for 60 minutes, stirring occasionally.
5. After 60 minutes, remove the pot from the heat and cool the mixture to room temperature.
6. Transfer the cooled mixture to a clean, sanitized fermenting vessel.
7. Add the dry yeast and stir well to combine.
8. Cover the fermenting vessel and let the mixture ferment for 1-2 weeks, or until the specific gravity of the beer remains stable for several days.
9. After fermentation is complete, transfer the beer to bottles or a keg and allow it to carbonate for 1-2 weeks.

Note: This recipe can be customized by using different types of hops, malt extracts, and yeast strains to create a variety of light beer styles. It's important to always sanitize your equipment and work in a clean environment to avoid contamination during the brewing process.

Making homemade soap is a fun and rewarding craft that allows you to customize the ingredients and scents to your liking. Here's a simple recipe for making a basic bar of soap:

Ingredients:

• 2 cups of soap base (such as goat milk or shea butter)
• 1 tablespoon of your preferred oil (such as olive or coconut)
• 20-30 drops of your favorite essential oil (such as lavender or peppermint)
• Soap mold
• Rubbing alcohol

Instructions:

1. Cut the soap base into small cubes and place them in a microwave-safe bowl. Heat the soap base in the microwave in 30-second intervals until it is completely melted.
2. Add the oil and essential oil to the melted soap base and stir well to combine.
3. Pour the mixture into a soap mold and tap the mold gently on a flat surface to remove any air bubbles.
4. Spray the top of the soap with rubbing alcohol to help prevent air bubbles from forming on the surface.
5. Allow the soap to cool and harden for at least 1-2 hours or until completely firm.
6. Remove the soap from the mold and cut it into bars using a sharp knife.

Note: You can experiment with different soap bases, oils, and essential oils to create a variety of custom soap recipes. Also, be sure to handle the melted soap base with care, as it can be hot and cause burns.